arXiv:2605. 16991v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Response-free item difficulty modelling promises to reduce reliance on response-based calibration but is intrinsically difficult on reading-comprehension multiple-choice items, where difficulty depends on inferential demands across wording components.
Paper
Response-free item difficulty modelling for multiple-choice items with fine-tuned transformers: Component-wise representation and multi-task learning
Unreadunread